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Formal Rebuttal to the Recent Interview Granted by Retired Major General Ali Keffi on Arise TV

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Formal Rebuttal to the Recent Interview Granted by Retired Major General Ali Keffi on Arise TV

Dr. MS Abubakar

I write this piece today not as a representative of any organization, but as a private citizen who has watched with growing alarm the recent interview given by Retired Major General Ali Keffi on Arise TV. In that interview, General Keffi made a series of veiled accusations against several prominent Nigerians—most notably the former Chief of Army Staff, Lieutenant General TY Buratai (Rtd)—suggesting, without presenting any evidence, that they are involved in the financing of terrorism.

As a Nigerian who has, over the years, observed the conduct of our security forces from the frontlines and who has personally benefited from the decisive actions of General Buratai, I feel compelled to set the record straight, to invoke the legal framework that governs such serious allegations, and to underscore the grave consequences that flow from the reckless dissemination of unsubstantiated claims.

1. The Legal Context of Accusations of Terrorism Financing

Under the Terrorism Prevention Act (TPA) 2019 (as amended), the offence of “terrorism financing” is defined in Section 15 and carries a maximum penalty of life imprisonment. The law is unequivocal: an accusation of this nature is not a matter of opinion; it is a criminal allegation that must be substantiated by credible, admissible evidence.

Equally important is the Defamation Act, 1961, which, though archaic, still provides that a statement that tends to lower a person in the estimation of rightthinking members of society, or that exposes them to hatred, contempt, or ridicule, is actionable if it is false. Nigerian courts have repeatedly held that public figures, including retired military officers, are entitled to the same protection against defamation as any other citizen, especially when the statements impute criminal conduct.

Consequently, any public figure who makes an allegation of terrorism financing without proof not only risks civil liability for defamation but also potentially triggers criminal investigation under the TPA. The onus of proof lies squarely on the accuser. General Keffi, in his interview, offered no documentary evidence, no witness testimony, nor any official inquiry findings to back his claims. By doing so, he has exposed himself to both civil and criminal repercussions under Nigerian law.

2. General Buratai’s Record: Concrete Examples of Blocking Ransom Payments.

To illustrate why the accusations are not only baseless but also contrary to the factual record, allow me to recount a specific incident that has been widely reported but apparently overlooked by General Keffi.

In early 2019, a prominent clergyman—whose name I shall refrain from mentioning out of respect for his family, was abducted by a Boko Haram cell operating in the Lake Chad Basin.

The kidnappers demanded a ransom of $500,000 for his release. The demand quickly found its way to senior political figures, including a former Vice President, a sitting State Governor, and several members of the Senate, all of whom exerted considerable pressure on the Presidency to authorise the payment.

General Buratai, then serving as Chief of Army Staff, was informed of the unfolding negotiations. He immediately sought for a meeting with the President and made it unequivocally clear that any payment of ransom would be a violation of the government’s counterterrorism policy and would embolden the terrorists, leading to further abductions.

The President, after a brief deliberation, accepted General Buratai’s recommendation and ordered that no ransom be paid. The decision was communicated to the family of the clergyman, who were understandably distressed. Over the ensuing twelve months, the Army, in collaboration with the DSS and international partners, intensified its kinetic and nonkinetic operations against the responsible cell. Through a combination of intelligencedriven raids, the capture of a key financier, and the disruption of the group’s communication networks, the terrorists were forced to release the clergyman without any ransom being paid. He was reunited with his family in December 2020 or thereabouts.

General Keffi’s interview failed to mention any of these facts. Instead, he insinuated that General Buratai might have been complicit in the financing of terrorism, a claim that is directly contradicted by the documented refusal to pay ransom and the subsequent successful rescue operation.

3. The Broader Pattern of General Buratai’s CounterTerrorism Leadership

The clergyman’s case is not an isolated incident. During General Buratai’s tenure (July 2015 – January 2021), the Nigerian Army recorded several milestones that demonstrate a consistent refusal to negotiate with terrorists:

 1. Operation BOY ELEVEN (2016–2017): The Army dismantled a Boko Haram logistics hub in Sambisa Forest, seizing weapons, IEDs, and a cache of cash that had been earmarked for ransom payments. The operation resulted in the death of several highvalue Boko Haram commanders and the liberation of over 300 hostiles, none of whom were released in exchange for money

2. The “No Ransom” Policy (2018): In a landmark directive, General Buratai ordered that all units under his command reject any demand for ransom, instructing commanders to inform higher headquarters immediately of any such attempt.

3. The Chibok Girls Saga (2018–2020): When the issue of paying ransom to secure the release of the Chibok schoolgirls resurfaced, General Buratai publicly stated that the Army would not support any ransom payment, emphasizing that “negotiating with terrorists only encourages further abductions.” His stance was instrumental in ensuring that the government maintained its “noransom” position, despite intense lobbying from various quarters.

These actions, recorded in official military communiqués and corroborated by multiple independent sources, including reports from the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA), paint a picture of a leader who consistently placed national security above personal or political considerations.

4. The True Nature of Major General Keffi’s Conduct

With all due respect to Major General Ali Keffi and his record of service, he is not, and cannot be, a court of law to simply declare certain personalities guilty of a crime of such magnitude.

The Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, in Section 36(5), guarantees the right of every person to a fair hearing and to be presumed innocent until proven guilty by a competent court. General Keffi’s public assertions, therefore, run contrary to the constitutional safeguards that protect every Nigerian.

It is also pertinent to note that General Keffi’s military career was cut short not by any lack of valour but by a series of selfinflicted missteps. Like many of his coursemates, he engaged in lobbying and sponsored media stories in the hope of being appointed Chief of Army Staff after the untimely death of Lieutenant General Attahiru Ibrahim. When the late President Muhammadu Buhari selected Lieutenant General Faruk Yahaya for the role, General Keffi chose contempt over loyalty. During the then Chief of Army Staff’s operational visit to Kaduna, General Keffi, who was then General Officer Commanding 1 Division, was conspicuously absent, offering the flimsy excuse that he had gone “to the bush to fight bandits.” Such insubordination is intolerable in any disciplined force and undoubtedly contributed to the decision to retire him.  The Army leadership at the time concluded that it could not continue to serve with an officer whose loyalty was in question.

Seeking vengeance by blackmailing General Buratai and other senior officers who have risked their lives to restore peace is a mission that is dead on arrival. We will not keep quiet and allow that to go unchallenged. While we acknowledge that Lieutenant General TY Buratai is not perfect no human being is the weight of the evidence shows that his intentions for Nigeria have always been noble and free of any sinister motive. What possible benefit could he derive from aiding or collaborating with the enemies of our nation? It is deeply saddening that after surviving multiple brushes with death at the hands of Boko Haram gunmen, a senior retired officer would turn around to accuse men like General Buratai of terrorism financing.

5. The Consequences of Unfounded Allegations

General Keffi’s interview, while cloaked in the language of “concern for the nation,” amounts to a classic case of “character assassination”. The legal ramifications are twofold:

– Criminal Liability: Under Section 15 of the TPA, any person who “makes a false statement that a person has committed an offence under this Act” may be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding five years. The absence of any evidentiary basis for the claim that General Buratai financed terrorism places General Keffi squarely within the ambit of this provision. – Civil Liability: The law of defamation in Nigeria recognises that a statement imputing a criminal offence to a person is defamatory per se. The claimant need not prove special damage; the mere publication of the false statement is sufficient to establish liability. Given the wide reach of Arise TV and the subsequent sharing of the interview on social media platforms, the potential damages are substantial.

Beyond the legal sphere, such allegations erode public trust in our security institutions. When retired senior officers, who are presumed to possess a deep understanding of the operational realities, make unsubstantiated claims, they risk “destabilising” the very fabric of our national security architecture. They also provide a propaganda tool for terrorist organisations, which can cite the interview as “evidence” that the Nigerian state is divided and that its leaders are corrupt.

6. Personal Reflections: Why I Speak Out

I have had the privilege of working alongside General Buratai both during his tenure as Chief of Army Staff and after his retirement. In those capacities, I witnessed firsthand his unwavering commitment to the principle that “no ransom should be paid to terrorists.”

These experiences have left me with an indelible conviction that General Buratai’s legacy is one of “integrity, courage, and service.” To see that legacy tarnished by baseless insinuations is, to me, an affront not only to a single individual but to every Nigerian who has ever worn a uniform or who has suffered the scourge of terrorism.

7. A Call to Accountability and a Plea for Responsible Public Discourse

To Major General Ali Keffi, I respectfully submit the following:

1. Retract the Allegations: In the interest of truth and national harmony, I urge you to issue a public retraction of the statements made against General Buratai and any other individuals implicated in your interview.

2. Provide Evidence: If you possess any credible information that substantiates the claim of terrorism financing, present it to the appropriate investigative bodies—namely the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Department of State Services (DSS)—so that due process may be followed.

3. Apologise: A sincere apology to General Buratai, his family, and the wider Nigerian public will go a long way in mitigating the damage caused by the interview.

To my fellow citizens, I ask that we demand “evidencebased discourse” from our public figures. The price of allowing falsehoods to proliferate unchecked is far greater than the momentary satisfaction of venting frustration. It is a price paid in the currency of national cohesion, investor confidence, and, most tragically, the lives of those who continue to fight on the frontlines.

Let it be very clear: no one in this world can destroy the immaculate service of military leaders like General TY Buratai, who today is widely acclaimed as an accomplished tactician and counterterrorism operations leader not only in Nigeria but also in countries such as Rwanda, Brazil, South Korea, and the United States. As for collaborating, aiding, facilitating or covering for any armed opposition group, even the terrorists themselves would be surprised, and perhaps laughing, at such baseless allegations. In truth, General Buratai is an innocent victim of blackmail by sinister and cowardly politicians.

8. Conclusion

In sum, the interview granted by Retired Major General Ali Keffi on Arise TV contains serious, unsubstantiated accusations that, if left unchallenged, could have farreaching legal and societal consequences. The factual record, as documented in military reports, intelligence assessments, and reputable international analyses, demonstrates that Lieutenant General TY Buratai, during his command and after his retirement, consistently acted in the best interests of Nigeria, refusing ransom payments, degrading Boko Haram’s operational capacity, and upholding the rule of law

The law is clear: “accusations of terrorism financing must be backed by proof.” The absence of such proof renders the statements defamatory and potentially criminal. As a concerned Nigerian, I stand ready to support any lawful investigation into these matters, and I call upon General Keffi to either substantiate his claims or to retract them unequivocally.

Let us, as a nation, recommit ourselves to the principles of “justice, truth, and accountability,” and reject the politics of innuendo that only serves to weaken our collective resolve against terrorism.

May God continue to bless Nigeria and guide our leaders toward peace and prosperity.

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Inuwa Yahaya, NSGF and the Renewed Northern Resolve

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Inuwa Yahaya, NSGF and the Renewed Northern Resolve

By Ismaila Uba Misilli

The resolutions from the recent meeting of the Northern States Governors’ Forum (NSGF) in Abuja, chaired by Gombe State Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya, CON may well mark a turning point in the North’s response to its long-running security and development crises.

For a region that has spent the better part of the last decade battling insurgency, banditry, kidnapping, communal violence and economic disruption, the significance of this renewed collective resolve cannot be overstated.

What stands out in the Forum’s latest deliberations is not just the acknowledgement that the security situation has shown measurable improvement since its last meeting in December 2025 but the insistence that such gains must not breed complacency.

This is perhaps the most important lesson Northern leaders appear to have embraced: insecurity is not defeated by episodic military gains alone but by sustained political coordination, strategic financing and institutional continuity.

The decision to operationalise the Northern States Security Trust Fund, with each state contributing N1 billion monthly, is arguably one of the boldest regional security financing initiatives in recent Nigerian history.

This fund could be the game changer, as it will provide the North with a dependable mechanism for supporting intelligence gathering, rapid response logistics, surveillance systems and other complementary interventions that federal structures alone have struggled to deliver consistently.

The fact that some states have already begun making contributions sends a strong message that governors appreciate the urgency of moving from declarations to measurable commitments.

Security threats in the North do not respect state boundaries. A weak link in one state often becomes a direct threat to neighbouring territories. This situation is why the success of the Trust Fund depends on the size of the commitment and the discipline of compliance, as well as the integrity of its governance framework and the transparency of its accountability mechanisms.

Beyond security financing, the Forum’s parallel decision to invest in a permanent secretariat deserves equal attention.

The decision may seem administrative on the surface, but it is, in reality, a strategic institutional reform. Regional forums in Nigeria often lose momentum because decisions are tied too closely to individuals and political tenures. By building a functional secretariat backed by structured contributions, the NSGF, under Inuwa Yahaya, is laying the foundations for policy memory, continuity, and stronger coordination beyond electoral cycles.
This institutional strengthening is critical because the North’s challenges are too complex for ad hoc politics.

Perhaps nowhere is the need clearer than in the Forum’s sustained advocacy for state police, an issue that has moved from abstract constitutional debate to practical necessity.

The North’s security realities have exposed the limitations of an overly centralised policing architecture. Local threats require local intelligence. Communities under siege need security structures that understand their terrain, social dynamics and conflict triggers.

The NSGF’s continued push for state policing therefore reflects a realism grounded in the daily experiences of affected communities.

In this regard, President Bola Ahmed Tinubu deserves credit for engaging the National Assembly on the constitutional reforms required to make the proposal a reality. The president’s willingness to support the legal framework for state policing is quite in line with a growing national consensus that the old model is increasingly inadequate.

Still, the governors are right to look beyond the immediate manifestations of violence. One of the strongest points in the NSGF chairman’s remarks was his recognition that insecurity in the North is inseparable from poverty, illiteracy, unemployment and underdevelopment. This is a truth often repeated but rarely acted upon with the seriousness it deserves.

A region with millions of out-of-school children, high youth unemployment rates, and weak economic opportunities cannot sustainably secure itself through force alone. We must address the social conditions that create vulnerability to recruitment by criminal and extremist groups with the same urgency as military operations.

This is why investments in education, human capital development and youth enterprise are not secondary to security; they are central to it.

The same logic applies to the recurring farmer-herder conflicts that tend to intensify with the onset of the rainy season. By backing the federal government’s livestock transformation agenda, northern governors appear to be embracing a more structural solution to one of the region’s most persistent conflict drivers.

If modern livestock systems, ranching methods, and better agricultural practices are taken seriously, the North could turn a major cause of seasonal violence into a way to improve rural wealth.

What the latest NSGF meeting ultimately reveals is a growing recognition among Northern leaders that the region’s problems require a combination of security reform, institutional resilience, economic inclusion and political unity.

For too long, responses to Northern Nigeria’s crises have been fragmented, reactive and overly dependent on federal rescue. But the new posture, championed by Governor Inuwa Yahaya, suggests a shift towards shared ownership and regional responsibility.

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Gombe 2027: As Major Contenders Jostle To Succeed Governor Yahaya

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Gombe 2027: As Major Contenders Jostle To Succeed Governor Yahaya

By Kabir Musa

 

As political discourse intensifies across Gombe State, public attention is increasingly shifting toward the potential successors of the current administration of Governor Inuwa Yahaya in the 2027 general election. No doubt, the governor has left an indelible footprint in the sands of history in Gombe, the “Jewel in the Savannah”, a state that’s enviably becoming the economic hub of not only the northeast but the entire northern Nigeria. Gov. Inuwa’s astronomical performance in the last seven years has further redefined possibilities.

Not only has Governor Yahaya transformed Gombe infrastructurally, Gombe has also become a melting point of ethnic and religious tolerance. Need I reiterate the importance of peace and stability in any progressing society? Yet, all the progress of the last 7 years will amount to nothing if a befitting successor who will continue with the beautiful policies and programmes of Governor Yahaya does not succeed him.

So, as the party navigates this critical juncture, the focus and indeed, the imperative for identifying a candidate who can build on Governor Yahaya’s legacy and propel Gombe State forward can never be overemphasised.

Here, the notion that a leader’s success is often measured by the competence of their successor becomes a timeless adage that’s both instructive and contingent. Given the governor’s high-stake performance in the last seven years, top contenders for his job must present credentials giving them the qualities of a successor worthy enough to take over the mantle of leadership in the state.

But as always, the quest for a worthy successor is not only delicate; it has been fraught with dangerous consequences. In this sense, therefore, Governor Yahaya’s administration is, at this material time, being put to the test, as the APC seeks to identify the successor that would carry the torch forward. The party’s decision will likely be influenced by factors such as the aspirant’s ability to maintain stability, build on existing projects, and inspire confidence among the diverse population of the state.

To land the right man for the job, a major consideration of the party must be the candidate’s vision for the state’s future, their commitment to the APC’s values, and their ability to connect with the electorate. Other key considerations must include the candidate’s track record, their network and alliances within the party, and their ability to navigate the complexities of Gombe’s politics, but most importantly, the preferred candidate must command acceptability across boards.

The chosen candidate will be expected to know how to balance the expectations of various stakeholders, including the governor, party leaders, and the people of Gombe. While this may appear simple, it is, in fact, the difference between a successor who understands his role as a runner in the governance marathon and one who works at cross purposes.

Ultimately, the APC’s decision will have far-reaching implications for the future of Gombe State. So far, several aspirants have signified interest from within the party, which suggests that the governor’s legacy is in good hands. Each of these individuals has diverse skills and experiences, which bode well for the state’s future.

However, because Governor Yahaya’s own legacy is also at stake, his ability to produce a competent successor will be seen as a reflection of his leadership and its sustainability. Therefore, a successful transition will cement his place in Gombe’s history as a leader who not only delivered results but also ensured continuity by handing over to suitable replacement.

As the APC embarks on this journey, it must take note that the people of Gombe State are observing closely, eager to see who will succeed the governor and chart the state’s course for the next chapter. So, there’s little margin for error.

The thinking then must be that the would-be successor commands a unique strength, such as experience in governance, finance, and youth empowerment. The APC has emphasised that the choice of successor will be a collective decision, prioritising continuity and stability.

As it stands, the APC is spoilt for choice with an array of hopefuls and prominent contenders currently dominating the headlines. While some have practically shown interest, albeit officially, political pundits have started mentioning names. These include the arc. Yunusa Yakubu, a distinguished architect. Yunusa Yakubu has built a reputation for designing vital public infrastructure, including schools and government conference centres. Political analysts suggest that his professional expertise in urban development, combined with a growing grassroots appeal, makes him a formidable “technocrat” candidate.

Another name going around is that of Dr Abdulsalam Yahaya Ahmed, who is being considered for his “homegrown” approach to investment. While many members of the elite focus on Abuja or Lagos, he has prioritised local development in Gombe. As a former MD/CEO of Federal Mortgage Bank and Board Member of NATFUND, he oversaw significant infrastructure projects, including but not limited to the provision of housing infrastructure (Gombe Investment housing estate, Labour Quarters, Babayo Goje housing estate, among others) and job creation for hundreds of Gombe indigenes in the Federal Government.

In his role as Executive Director, Operations, of NEDC, Dr Abdulsalam oversaw the construction and rehabilitation of many schools, hospitals and roads/bridges; the installation of solar streetlights; and the provision of boreholes as well as the distribution of palliatives where and when needed. His philanthropic efforts in food security have earned him the reputation of a leader who is deeply connected to the masses.

Also, Sa’idu Ahmed Alkali, the current Federal Minister of Transportation, brings significant national weight to the race. His experience in the federal cabinet and his established influence within the Gombe political landscape provide him with a strong foundation to mobilise support during the party primaries. He was a senator representing the Gombe North senatorial district for two terms before he was appointed minister by President Bola Tinubu’s administration.

Still from the same local government area as Senator Alkali, a prominent APC stalwart, Dr Bello Maigari (Tafidan Dukku) is said to be nursing ambition and may throw his hat in the 2027 race. Though he maintains a low profile locally, Dr Bello Maigari is a power player in the nation’s capital. Serving in various federal capacities, he is known to have a very close relationship with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu. This proximity to the presidency, coupled with his administrative experience, positions him as a high-stakes contender for 2027.

There are also some who have decided to keep their ambitions close to their chest, maybe for strategic reasons. One of them is the present accountant general of the state, Aminu Yuguda. Yuguda is believed to be in the race, as his posters have been seen in several parts of the state even as his supporters have since begun a push towards actualising such a dream. As the current accountant general of Gombe State, Aminu Yuguda holds a strategic position. His deep understanding of the state’s fiscal management and the inner workings of the current administration makes him a candidate to watch. Analysts believe his grasp of governance logistics provides him with a unique advantage.

Also, Jamilu Gwamna’s unprecedented stay in the state and the fanfare that greeted his APC membership validation and subsequent donation of a huge sum to the various organs of the party, among other factors, suggest that Dr Jamilu Ishyaku Gwamna is also in the race, though, like others, he is yet to make any official statement. Dr Jamil is a well-known figure in Gombe politics. His legacy is tied to youth empowerment. During his tenure in the power sector in Kano, he was credited with securing jobs for numerous Gombe youths. His track record as a major employer of labour in the state continues to fuel his popularity among the younger demographic.

Another strong contender, perhaps the strongest of the lot as far as those yet to declare their interest is concerned, is Prof. Isah Ali Pantami, the former Minister of Communications and Digital Economy. Pantami is a household name nationally. Known for his academic brilliance and structured leadership style, Pantami appeals to voters who prioritise intellectual sagacity and a modernised approach to governance. He also was in Gombe and was welcomed by a mammoth crowd during the APC membership revalidation exercise. This was at a time speculations were rife that he might join the opposition ADC. Yet, his recent activities, including donating to the party, appear to have to rest all the speculations and strengthen the people’s belief that he’ll be in the race.

There’s also Sarkin Fulani Gombe, a seasoned financial expert and politician. Sarkin Fulani Gombe boasts an extensive network that spans local, national, and international circles. His ability to bridge the gap between traditional influence and modern financial expertise makes him a highly influential factor in the 2027 calculations.

A smooth and seamless selection process for the Gombe APC governorship candidate can yield significant advantages. When a party presents a united front, with candidates emerging from primaries with minimal rancour, the opposition is left with fewer scandals to exploit. This is particularly crucial in Gombe, where the APC is seeking to build on Governor Inuwa Yahaya’s legacy and secure another term in office with a lineup of competent candidates.

In politics, perception is key, and a harmonious primary process can create a powerful narrative of party unity and strength. This can boost the eventual candidate’s momentum, allowing them to focus on key campaign issues rather than internal party squabbles. A united party also enhances the candidate’s credibility and legitimacy, making it more challenging for opponents to gain traction.

Conversely, a contentious primary can provide the opposition with valuable ammunition, creating divisions and weakening the party’s structure. When internal conflicts spill into the public domain, it distracts from the key campaign issues and erodes the candidate’s credibility. The opposition can capitalise on these divisions, exploiting the ruling party’s vulnerabilities and gaining an advantage in the process.

The Gombe APC can learn from past experiences, prioritising a peaceful and inclusive selection process to ensure a strong, united front for the 2027 elections. By doing so, the party can minimise opposition attack points, showcase its unity and strength, and focus on delivering its message to the people. Ultimately, a smooth transition will be crucial in securing another term in office and continuing the progress made under Governor Yahaya’s administration.

For the APC, getting it wrong is not an option. It’s, however, left to be seen how it can manage the expectations of all the array of qualified and competent contenders in its ranks.

Musa writes from T/Wada, Gombe.

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The Gombe Blueprint: Cultivating Peace Through Land Reform

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The Gombe Blueprint: Cultivating Peace Through Land Reform

By Shu’aibu Usman Leman

Across the vast stretches of Nigeria, the escalating friction between farmers and pastoralists has transitioned from a localised concern into a profound threat to the nation’s social and economic stability. What was once an occasional rural dispute has increasingly evolved into violent confrontation, undermining food security and weakening the fragile stability of rural communities.

At a time when Nigeria is grappling with inflation, food shortages and economic uncertainty, disruptions in agricultural production carry consequences far beyond the villages where they occur. The farmer-herder conflict has therefore become not only a security issue but also a pressing national development challenge.

Yet within this complex national landscape, Gombe State is emerging as a compelling example of how proactive governance can transform a longstanding conflict into an opportunity for reform. The state is demonstrating that foresight, rather than force, can manage rural tensions through deliberate land-use policies and renewed engagement with traditional institutions.

Historically, farmers and pastoralists maintained a relationship characterised by mutual dependence rather than hostility. For generations across the Sahel, both groups developed a system of seasonal cooperation that allowed each to benefit from the other’s activities.

Pastoralists migrated with rainfall patterns, guiding their livestock across designated corridors and grazing fields after harvest. By doing this, cows ate leftover crops and added organic manure to the soil, which naturally got the land ready for the next planting cycle.

This delicate balance functioned as an unwritten but respected agreement that sustained agricultural productivity across large parts of northern Nigeria. Communities understood the rhythm of movement, and traditional mediation resolved conflicts long before they escalated.

However, the pressures of modern development have gradually strained their once harmonious relationship. Rapid population growth has significantly expanded farmland, pushing cultivation into areas that historically served as grazing routes.

At the same time, environmental challenges have intensified the problem.
Desertification, driven by climate change and unsustainable land use, has steadily reduced grazing resources in northern zones, forcing pastoralists to move further south in search of pasture.

These migrations frequently bring livestock into direct contact with farms at critical stages of crop development. A single incident of cattle straying into cultivated fields can easily destroy months of labour, turning minor disputes into emotionally charged confrontations.
Compounding the situation is the widespread availability of small arms and the erosion of traditional conflict-resolution mechanisms. Where elders once intervened to settle disputes swiftly, mistrust and insecurity now allow disagreements to escalate dangerously.

Recognising the dangers of reactive responses to such crises, the administration of Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya has adopted a more preventative strategy. Instead of responding only after violence erupts, the state government has begun addressing the structural causes of the conflict.

Central to this approach is the implementation of the state government’s White Paper on Grazing Reserves and Cattle Routes as well as farmer–herder relations.

This policy framework represents a deliberate effort to restore order and clarity in land management across rural communities.

Under the supervision of the White Paper Implementation Committee, chaired by Retired AIG Babaji Sunday, the state has embarked on the painstaking task of identifying and re-establishing traditional cattle routes, locally known as bolari.

By clearly demarcating these corridors, the government aims to reduce accidental encroachment and provide pastoralists with recognised pathways for livestock movement. This simple but crucial step removes one of the most common triggers of rural conflict.

Alongside the restoration of grazing routes, the state has also intensified efforts to protect grazing reserves and forest areas from illegal encroachment. Safeguarding these designated lands ensures that both farming and pastoral activities can continue without unnecessary overlap.

As preparations intensify for the 2026 farming season, the urgency of these reforms has become increasingly evident. Rather than waiting for tensions to surface during planting or harvesting periods, the state has chosen to act well in advance.

Equally significant is the government’s decision to involve traditional institutions in implementing these policies. In many rural communities, the authority of emirs, district heads and village chiefs remains stronger than that of distant bureaucratic structures.

By working closely with these leaders through sensitisation campaigns and community dialogue, the government has transformed policy directives into locally understood and accepted rules. This partnership ensures that communities respect boundaries not just out of legal obligation, but also through communal consensus.

Such engagement reinforces an important truth about rural governance: that sustainable peace often emerges from dialogue and cultural understanding rather than enforcement alone.

When communities feel ownership of the rules guiding their livelihoods, compliance becomes far more natural.
The reforms also reflect a broader shift in attitudes toward environmental management. Forest and game reserves are no longer viewed simply as idle land waiting to be exploited but as strategic assets essential for ecological stability.

Protecting these ecosystems helps slow the advance of desertification and preserves grazing areas that might otherwise disappear. In this way, environmental stewardship becomes a powerful tool for preventing future conflict.

Encouragingly, early indicators suggest that these measures are already yielding positive results. Reports from agricultural authorities point to a noticeable decline in violent encounters across several farming communities within the state.

While challenges remain, including demographic pressures and the risk of conflicts spilling over from neighbouring regions, Gombe’s experience provides a helpful lesson to other states confronting similar tensions.

Clarity in land management is indispensable, but clarity alone is insufficient without consistent implementation. Policies need political will, administrative discipline, and community involvement to work.

The emerging model in Gombe shows that the convergence of these elements can transform long-standing rural conflicts into opportunities for cooperation and shared prosperity.

If sustained, this approach could restore the delicate balance that once defined relations between the hoe and the herd, fostering a collaborative environment where farmers and herders work together to enhance agricultural productivity and reduce conflicts. More importantly, it offers hope that Nigeria’s agricultural heartlands can once again become zones of productivity rather than battlegrounds of competition.

– Shu’aibu Usman Leman is the former National Secretary of the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ).

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